Abstract

The application of concrete structural building material has a favourite position in the construction industry. However, its large density is a disadvantage of concrete with a higher risk of collapse in dangerous earthquake areas because the earthquake load is directly proportional to the mass of the building. On this basis it is necessary to reduce building mass by using lightweight material. The purpose of this research is to exploit pumice waste material of Lombok Island in order to create lightweight structural building component with better earthquake resistance as well as fire resistance. Experimental investigation has been carried out in the Laboratory of Research and Development Board, Minister of Public Works and Public Housing, Bandung. Two slabs specimen of 3500 x 3700 x 20 mm have been tested under Indonesian Standard Fire Test with flexural loading of 40 kN/m2. Normal concrete slab and sandwich concrete slab with 50 mm skins thickness and 100 mm core thickness were prepared. The skins were normal concrete with compressive strength of 25 MPa and the lightweight core concrete compressive strength was 15 MPa. Both slabs have been reinforced with O12-100 as compressive reinforcement and O12-150 as tensile reinforcement with steel yield strength of 290 MPa. Test results indicated that the two slabs have fire resistance stability for 2 hours. However, normal concrete slab has only 70 minutes insulation resistance compared to sandwich normal concrete which is has 80 minutes. This shows that the sandwich concrete has 1.14 greater insulation resistance. The temperature of unexposed fire after 2 hours of firing in normal concrete was 320 °C while in sandwich concrete is 240 °C shows that the sandwich concrete has 1.33 better resistance thermal conductivity than normal concrete.

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