Abstract

Background and Aim: and mitigate IMNV-associated pathology. Materials and Methods: test. Results: cells/mL), RB (1.13 optical density [OD]), SOD (0.98 units/mL), PO (0.619 OD), and phagocytic activity. A marked reduction in RR enzyme expression was observed, indicating effective viral suppression. DHC analysis revealed elevated granulocyte and semi-granulocyte counts, suggesting heightened immunological activity. Water quality parameters remained within acceptable aquaculture limits, and proximate analysis confirmed an improvement in protein content in the feed following supplementation. Conclusion: and reduces IMNV-induced pathology. This natural additive offers a promising, sustainable alternative to synthetic immunostimulants in shrimp aquaculture.

Concepts :

Access to Document

Citations by Year