Abstract

Abstract The development of functional materials based on metal oxides continues to grow in line with the demand for advanced materials in technological, environmental, and medical applications. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION, MF1) and manganese-doped Fe 3 O 4 (Mn 0.25 Fe 2.75 O 4 , MF2) were successfully synthesized using a modified coprecipitation method. The synthesis involved magnetic separation, acid dissolution, precipitation with NH 4 OH, and Mn doping. Structural and optical characterizations (XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis) confirmed the formation of cubic spinel structures with notable changes in lattice parameters and crystallite size after Mn incorporation. FTIR spectra revealed O–H, C–O, Fe–O, and Mn–O vibrations, while UV-Vis analysis showed a decrease in band gap energy (from 3.11 eV to 3.07 eV) and Urbach energy (from 0.131 eV to 0.074 eV). These results demonstrate that Mn substitution enhances crystallinity and modifies the electronic properties of Fe 3 O 4 , highlighting its potential for photocatalytic and optoelectronic applications.

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