Abstract
This study aimed to develop TOEFL-based reading materials to enhance undergraduate students’ performance in the TOEFL Reading section. Using Plomp’s (1997) educational design model, the research proceeded through three phases: preliminary research, prototyping, and assessment. The final product was a 34-page handbook covering six key question types – main idea, supporting details, vocabulary, exception, inference, and reference – supplemented by test-taking strategies, practice exercises, and answer keys. Expert evaluations of content, language, and presentation rated the materials “good” to “very good” (average scores: 4.2, 4.3, and 4.4 respectively). Practicality assessments with undergraduate students indicated that the handbook is clear, accessible, and suitable for self-study. However, some explanations and terminology require further simplification, and the materials would benefit from greater content attractiveness and enhanced vocabulary-building activities. Overall, the handbook is pedagogically sound, practically applicable, and suitable as supplementary TOEFL preparation material. Future refinements may involve multimedia integration, richer explanations, and broader validation across diverse learner populations.