Fermented <i>Moringa oleifera</i> leaves and <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> mixtures ameliorate cognitive deficits in scopolamine-induced dementia rats by enhancing brain antioxidant and cholinergic functions

Authors : Ye Muhamad Aprizal; Nurdiana Samsulrizal; Mohd Izwan Mohamad Yusof; Norashirene Mohamad Jamil; Yuliadi Zamroni et al.
article cite 0 Year 2026
source: Pharmaceutical Biology
Abstract

CONTEXT: (Curtis) P. Karst. (Ganodermataceae) are two natural resources with established neuroprotective properties. However, whether their combination is safe and has neuroprotective effects against dementia remains unexplored. OBJECTIVE: mixture (FMG) in scopolamine-induced dementia model rats. METHODS: daily intraperitoneal administration of scopolamine (4 mg/kg) for 28 days. Following a two-week treatment period, cognitive function was assessed using the Y-maze. Postmortem analyses included biochemical assays to measure brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress markers, and histological examination of the hippocampus. RESULTS: < 0.05). This behavioral recovery was correlated with a significant reduction in brain AChE activity, a normalization of lipid peroxidation (TBARS) levels, and the restoration of hippocampal neuronal architecture. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The restorative effects of FMG are mediated by a dual mechanism involving the enhancement of central cholinergic and antioxidant systems. These results suggest that FMG possesses neuroprotective and antioxidant properties and could be a promising candidate for the management of cognitive deficits.


Concepts :
Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds
Moringa oleifera research and applications
article cite 0 Year 2026 source Pharmaceutical Biology
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