Abstract
Abstract Dryland ecosystems possess considerable potential for boosting future agricultural productivity, particularly through intercropping systems that maximize land-use efficiency. This study examined the influence of different bioameliorant formulations on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, as well as yield performance, in a maize–soybean intercropping system under dryland conditions. The experiment employed a randomized complete block design with five treatments and three replications. The treatment composed of 25% compost, 25% rice husk biochar, 25% cattle manure, and 25% arbuscular mycorrhizal biofertilizer produced the highest improvements in soil nutrient concentrations, nutrient uptake, spore density, root colonization, and plant dry yield. These results demonstrate that a balanced mixture of organic amendments and native mycorrhizal inoculants can substantially enhance soil fertility and crop productivity in suboptimal dryland environments. This sustainable approach supports greater food security and promotes resilient agricultural systems in regions facing environmental limitations.