Abstract
Abstract A landscape approach integrates ecological, social, and management dimensions to balance land-use functions and optimize ecosystem services, including carbon storage. This study evaluates and compares aboveground carbon stocks across four land management regimes: the Utilization Block of Tahura Nuraksa Forest Park, Community Forest (HKm), the Special Purpose Forest Area (KHDTK) Rarung, and a Horticultural Zone, covering 1,319.26 hectares. A total of 132 plots (1% sampling intensity) were established using a stratified random sampling design, and aboveground carbon stocks were estimated using allometric equations. The results show substantial variation in carbon storage across management systems. Tahura Nuraksa recorded the highest aboveground biomass (271.05 tons/ha) and carbon stock (127.39 tons/ha), followed by HKm Karang Sidemen (60.83 tons/ha), KHDTK Rarung (51.95 tons/ha), and the Horticultural Zone (49.67 tons/ha). A strong positive correlation between tree density and carbon stock (R² = 0.82) indicates that structurally dense and less disturbed forest stands store more carbon. Based on these findings, conservation-based management should be prioritized to maintain high carbon reserves, while community forests and horticultural systems can enhance their carbon sequestration potential through enrichment planting, mixed-species systems, and improved agroforestry practices.