Abstract

Abstract Intensive pond culture of Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) is highly vulnerable to infectious diseases such as white feces disease (WFD) and acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Turmeric extracted by maceration method known as an effective immunostimulant to reduce disease incidence in shrimp. However, it is often less efficient, time-consuming, potentially cost-intensive. Maceration protocols also rely on chemical solvents that may pose risks to environmental and human health. Development and application of more effective, efficient, and an environmental friendly extraction method remain necessary. This study aimed to evaluate several turmeric ( Curcuma domestica ) extraction methods as environmentally friendly immunostimulants for L. vannamei culture. A completely randomized design was used with five treatments and three replicates. P1 and P2 served as positive and negative controls, respectively. P3, P4, and P5 consisted of turmeric prepared by flouring, boiling, and blending methods. Data were analyzed descriptively and statistically at a 95% confidence level (p < 0.05), followed by Duncan’s multiple range test when significant differences were detected. Observed parameters included survival rate, specific weight growth rate, specific length growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), blood glucose concentration, and blood phagocytic activity. The highest survival rate (78.7%) was recorded in P3, although differences among treatments were not statistically significant. Treatment P5 showed a consistent trend of superior specific weight and length growth rates and yielded the lowest FCR (1.19). P5 also exhibited the highest phagocytic activity (69.2%), indicating enhanced immune response. Blood glucose levels ranged from 23 to 80 mg/dl across treatments. These results suggest that simple, low-cost turmeric extraction methods, particularly blending, have potential as environmentally friendly immunostimulants in L. vannamei aquaculture.

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