Abstract

Purpose This paper analyses the processes and outcomes of the design, piloting and expansion of a model for co-innovation to transform smallholder farming systems in Timor-Leste. It identifies what it takes to facilitate transdisciplinary research for sustainable development and institutionalise a tested model within agricultural extension and service systems in the Global South.Design/Methodology/Approach Analysis of co-design processes involved regular reflection, analysis and planning activities with all partners involved. An evaluation study captured the experiences, perceptions and achievements of farmers, facilitators, local leaders and researchers through semi-structured interviews and group discussions.Findings The processes of collective learning, innovation and action had a profound impact on farmers’ lives by improving their knowledge, practical and critical skills, practices and income. Establishing strong facilitation capacity and mechanisms is essential for the sustainability and institutionalisation of these processes.Practical implications The model can serve to reimagine an agricultural extension system that facilitates farmer empowerment and is better equipped to meet the needs of smallholder families in resource-constrained environments. Theoretical implications: The research enhances our understanding of the requirements to operationalise transdisciplinary research within a context of attitudinal and institutional limitations.Originality/Value This paper provides a comprehensive account of the potential of and institutional barriers to transdisciplinary research, learning and action to transform traditional farming systems into more profitable enterprises under resource-strained conditions.

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