Abstract

Cuts are among the most common skin injuries caused by sharp objects and can lead to infection if not properly treated. Natural ingredients such as guava leaves have been widely investigated for their wound-healing potential. Guava leaves contain bioactive compounds including flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, and tannins, which contribute to anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and tissue regeneration processes. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical properties and wound-healing effectiveness of guava leaf ethanol extract cream with varying concentrations of xanthan gum and stearic acid as emulsifiers. The extract was obtained by maceration using 70% ethanol and formulated into four cream formulas (F1–F4) containing 5% extract with different xanthan gum and stearic acid ratios. Each formula was evaluated for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, emulsion type, viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. The in vivo wound-healing test used an incision model in male white rats (n = 25) observed for 14 days. Variations in emulsifier concentration affected both physical quality and healing activity. Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA (p < 0.05) showed that Formula 2 (xanthan gum 1%, stearic acid 3%) had the fastest wound closure (day 9) and best stability, comparable to the positive control (betadine). Formula 2 demonstrated optimal viscosity and spreadability that supported effective wound recovery. In conclusion, guava leaf ethanol extract cream, particularly Formula 2, shows promising potential as a natural topical formulation for wound healing. Further studies should explore long-term stability, antimicrobial testing, and formulation scale-up.

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